Children may present with different symptoms of rare infections, which challenge pediatricians, and this requires experience and high suspicion. This first edition of this handbook, Clinically Challenging Pediatric Infectious Disease Cases, guides the clinician to the most appropriate way of managing such cases. It was written by a pediatrician who specializes in infectious diseases, based on long experience in diagnosing infectious and difficult pediatric infections in particular. This book was supported by diagnostic information that was supervised by a doctor specialized in microbiology. We believe that this book targets the category of doctors, including specialists, residents, medical and microbiology students. It will contribute to raising the level of understanding and broadening their awareness and benefit from the experiences contained in this book. The handbook includes a range of essential information, including patient history, diagnostic difficulties and management of children in an unusual clinical presentation. In addition, the book includes detailed drug dosages for children according to the most recent guidelines.