This book provides an overview of living things (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 gives a brief description of the plant kingdom (plantae) according to the six kingdoms classification. An idea of the main structure and function of a plant is dealt within Chapters 3, 4 and 5. Classical genetics and heredity as well as the molecular basis of inheritance are covered in Chapter 4. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes plant ecology and human future. Basic molecular components found in plant cells are discussed briefly in Appendix A. Nowadays, the trend to molecular biology justifies a brief account of plant biotechnology given in Appendix B.